La memoria, la identidad, el reconocimiento, son construcciones que permiten sujetar al individuo a su pasado. Toda vez que éste es despojado de su identidad más primaria la búsqueda del ser queda reducida a la recolección de huellas para crear con ellas un relato que permita fijar al individuo en las palabras, las suyas y las del otro. Este es el objetivo del artículo, explorar estas construcciones a través de la novela Austerlitz del escritor alemán W. G Sebald, con la (...) ayuda de las propuestas hermenéuticas ricoerianas. (shrink)

La poesía es un espacio en el que la palabra se materializa en instante. En ella se encuentran mundos inesperados, olvidadosque se vuelven a hacer presentes para recordar así que en la palabra de un poeta están contenidos todos los hombres, todoslos sueños, todos los tiempos. La palabra es proyección de la existencia, es una necesidad de no caer en el olvido, por lomenos en uno que no sea profundo, inolvidable, irrecuperable.

En el Ecuador a consecuencia de varios actos de violencia ejecutados por varias organizaciones delincuenciales que lideran el país; el Presidente de la República a través de los decretos ejecutivos Nro. 110 y 111 declara el estado de excepción y la existencia de conflicto armado interno. La problemática que se analizó en el presente artículo es la falta de motivación de los decretos ejecutivos 110 y 111 emitidos por el Presidente de la Republica el 8 y 9 de enero de (...) 2024, en el cual se violenta los derechos de libertad e inviolabilidad domicilio. El método utilizado fue desde un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando la revisión bibliográfica -instrumental. Arrojando como resultado que los decretos ejecutivos 110 y 111 no cumple con los parámetros establecidos por el Protocolo Adicional II de Ginebra de 1977 y lo establecido en el Dictamen 2-24/CC de fecha 21 de marzo de 2024. Concluyendo que los decretos ejecutivos se encuentran viciados motivacionalmente en apariencia e incongruencia, lo que causa la violación de los derechos de libertad e inviolabilidad de domicilio, que se restringen por declarar un estado de excepción. (shrink)

The following exercise start from the assumption of social space—the field of action and influence in which a series of social relations converge, which differ and distribute in the social universe formulated by Pierre Bourdieu—, and the dimensions of the social world when the principles of differentiation and distribution operate, and hypothetically, the set of properties that act from them in the social universe, to give way to practices that describe experiences, both objective and subjective, of resistance anti-violence.

Dialogar sobre a relação entre os Direitos Humanos e a educação matemática crítica é uma necessidade atual. Tal exigência se deve ao avanço de imperativos da realidade sobre a oferta educacional disponível aos cidadãos. Este ensaio teórico de cunho propositivo pretende apresentar as origens da reivindicação por educação na era moderna e o papel da educação matemática crítica no seu bojo. Ao mesmo tempo, tentaremos demonstrar que os limites atuais, tanto da efetivação dos princípios da dignidade humana, como do acesso (...) à educação, são determinados e limitados pelas decisões políticas tomadas nos mais altos escalões dos Estados nacionais e das corporações empresariais. Para esta discussão trazemos a formulação da equação civilizatória, como uma ferramenta de análise do real e defendemos a imbricação desta com as preocupações da educação matemática crítica de modo a assumir a maximização dos direitos humanos como meta para a transformação social. (shrink)

Antonio Ungar (Bogota, 1974) has published two novels: Zanahorias voladoras (Alfaguara, 2004) and Las orejas del lobo (Ediciones B, 2006). This paper aims to analyze the two literary works, based on the relationship between abjection and revolt (Kristeva 2006 (1980), 1998 (1996)) presented in the novels. This relationship will make it possible to understand, to a great extent, the author’s esthetic proposal, as well as his position in the current Colombian literary field and his answer to the social conditions of (...) his time. (shrink)

A área da educação matemática com sua "tradicional neutralidade" gera ambientes de invisibilidade para as minorias sociais, como é o caso da comunidade LGBTQIAP+. Essa educação matemática heteronormativa oprime as pessoas que não se encaixam no padrão e propaga a discriminação. Para evitar a invisibilidade e opressão em relação a determinados grupos sociais é necessário que se trabalhe essas questões em sala de aula. O movimento da educação matemática crítica e a educação matemática para justiça social rompem com a ideia (...) da neutralidade da matemática e busca trazer ao debate temas sociais importantes, como é o caso da sexualidade e identidade de gênero, e se faz necessário questionar: quais as relações da comunidade LGBTQIAP+ com a educação matemática? Para buscar informações que contribuam com este questionamento é necessário olhar para as produções acadêmicas já existentes, portanto o presente trabalho busca mapear teses e dissertações de programas de pós-graduações no Brasil que abordam a temática da comunidade LGBTQIAP+ e a educação matemática. No que se refere à metodologia, utilizou-se como base o trabalho de Biembengut referente ao mapeamento de produções acadêmicas. Foram identificadas e analisadas 5 produções. Foi possível identificar que essa discussão ainda é muito recente nos âmbitos acadêmicos. Contudo, é de extrema urgência preparar professores para trazer a temática para as aulas de matemática, considerando que trabalhar os saberes matemáticos de modo correlato a questões sociais é relevante no processo de formação dos alunos, tanto em conhecimento matemático quanto como um cidadão ético, respeitoso e educado, bem como auxilia a promover um ambiente de ensino que transcende os padrões e o modo de vida restrito, contribuindo com a transformação social. (shrink)

O êxodo rural brasileiro compreendeu um processo de grande magnitude desde o seu início, onde, em comparativo, poucos países experimentaram fluxo migratório tão intenso, tendo em vista a quantidade absoluta da população atingida. Uma das características encontradas nos movimentos migratórios brasileiros se estabelece na diferenciação por sexo. Estudos apontam que as mulheres migram mais do que os homens, além do fluxo migratório se caracterizar cada vez mais pela saída de jovens do campo. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo se propõe a (...) analisar a categoria rural, abordando a situação das mulheres migrantes no contexto do Norte de Minas. Para tanto, utilizará do levantamento bibliográfico na construção de uma revisão acerca das práticas migratórias do campo realizadas por jovens, de modo a entender e problematizar a questão do gênero no processo migratório. Como resultado parcial tem-se que as mulheres continuam migrando, sendo tal deslocamento realizado com propósitos variados e, muitas vezes, devido à ausência de políticas públicas regionais, que resultam em pouca perspectiva de valorização do campo/gênero. Sendo assim, o processo migratório, principalmente no que diz respeito à questão de gênero, não se encerra nas discussões apresentadas, sendo necessários estudos que acompanhem as distintas dimensões que o migrar implica. (shrink)

This paper provides a description of the role of the clinical ethicist as it is generally experienced in Canada. It examines the activities of Canadian ethicists working in healthcare institutions and the way in which their work incorporates more than ethics case consultation. The Canadian Bioethics Society established a Taskforce on Working Conditions for Bioethics (hereafter referred to as the Taskforce), to make recommendations on a number of issues affecting ethicists and to develop a model role description. This essay carefully (...) assesses this model role description. (shrink)

El artículo parte de la discusión actual sobre si la proliferación de los así denominados populismos de derecha invalida o no la tesis de Laclau de que el populismo es un tipo de articulación que puede dar un sentido emancipatorio a la iniciativa política. Dicho debate que se ha presentado fundamentalmente bajo la oposición binaria populismos de derechas frente a populismos de izquierda tiene a dos voces contrapuestas, las de Fassin y Mouffe, que el texto se propone revisar, desde una (...) perspectiva laclausiana, a partir de dos preguntas que se desprenden de las posiciones políticas de los autores: ¿es posible, como desearía Fassin, eludir o eliminar el populismo? ¿Es posible distinguir entre un populismo de derechas y uno de izquierdas, como propone Mouffe?The article takes as a point of departure the current discussion about the proliferation of the so called right-wing populisms that put into question Laclau’s thesis that populism is a sort of articulation that may bring about emancipatory directions to politics. This debate, that has recently taken the format of an opposition between right-wing populism vs. leftwing populisms, has two main competing voices —Fassin and Mouffe— that the text reviews from a Laclausian perspective. The two questions addressed, that rise from the political position of each author, are the following: is it possible to eliminate populism as Fassin would prefer? Is it possible to establish a differentiation between right-wing and left-wing populism as Mouffe affirms? (shrink)

In this pilot qualitative study 13 clinical bioethicists from across Canada were interviewed about their experiences of conflicts of interest and/or conflicting interests in their professional roles. The interviews generated five composite cases. Participants reported being significantly impacted by these experiences both personally and professionally.

This paper examines one aspect of professional practice for bioethicists: managing conflicts of interest. Drawing from our qualitative study and descriptive analysis of the experiences of conflicts of interest and/or conflicting interests (COI) of 13 Canadian clinical bioethicists (Frolic and Chidwick 2010), this paper examines how bioethicists define their roles, the nature of COIs in their roles, how their COIs relate to conventional definitions of conflicts of interest, and how COIs can be most effectively managed.

“HTA is a multidisciplinary process that summarizes information about the medical, social, economic and ethical issues related to the use of a health technology in a systematic, transparent, unbiased, robust manner. Its aim is to inform the formulation of safe, effective, health policies that are patient focused, and seek to achieve best value” (EUnetHTA 2007). Even though the assessment of ethical aspects of a health technology is listed as one of the objectives of a HTA process, in practice, the integration (...) of these dimensions into reports remains limited. The article is focused on four points: 1. the HTA concept; 2. the difficult HTA-ethics relationship; 3. the ethical issues in HTA; 4. the methods for integrating ethical analysis into HTA. (shrink)

This study investigated the applicability of a novel instrument to assess parent–child attunement in free play interactions, in dyads with an infant with and without visual impairments. We here report the findings on the reliability and applicability of the newly developed Attune & Stimulate Mother–Infant 56-items Instrument in two separate samples: one with infants with VI and one with typically sighted infants. In addition, we assessed the contribution of parental sensitivity to attunement in dyadic interactions. The A&S M-I is an (...) observational comprehensive instrument of behaviors that captures different body parts and their motility, and different senses. The appropriate responding of a parent to the child’s signal reflects the ability to attune in the dyad as well as parent’s ability to stimulate the child to become engaged in the contact or activity. Consistency assessments revealed good reliability for maternal and infant behaviors, acceptable internal consistency and good test–retest reliability. Furthermore, both samples scored significantly above chance level on attunement, suggesting that the instrument captures parent–infant behavioral coordination, and VI was not related to parent–infant attunement. Lastly, a relation between parental sensitivity and attunement was found only in the TS sample. Altogether, these findings provide promising initial evidence of the applicability of the A&S M-I instrument for assessing dyadic attunement across different populations and ages. Having assessed the applicability of this observational instrument, future work should corroborate these findings in larger samples. (shrink)

The focus on translational research in clinical trials has the potential to generate clinically relevant genetic data that could have importance to patients. This raises challenging questions about communicating relevant genetic research results to individual patients. An exploratory pharmacogenetic analysis was conducted in the international ovarian cancer phase III trial, AGO-OVAR 16, which found that patients with clinically important germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations had improved progression-free survival prognosis. Mechanisms to communicate BRCA results were evaluated, because these findings may be beneficial to (...) patients and their families. Communicating individual BRCA results was not anticipated during clinical trial design. Consequently, options were not available for patients to indicate their preference for receiving their individual results when they signed pharmacogenetic informed consent. Differences in local requirements, clinical practice, and opinion regarding the ethical aspects of how to convey genetic results to patients are all potential barriers to returning individual BRCA results to patients. Communicating the aggregate BRCA result from this study provided clinical investigators with a mechanism to disseminate the overall study finding to patients while taking individual circumstances, local guidelines and clinical practice into account. This study illustrates the importance of increasing the clarity and scope of informed consent and the need for patient engagement to ensure clinical trial participants can indicate their preference regarding receipt of potentially important individual pharmacogenetic results. This study was registered in the NCT Clinical Trial Registry under NCT00866697 on March 19, 2009, following approval from participating ethics committees. (shrink)

While poverty all over the world is more typical and extreme in rural contexts, interventions to improve cognition in low socioeconomic status children are for the most part based on studies conducted in urban populations. This paper investigate how poverty and rural or urban settings affect child cognitive performance. Executive functions and non-verbal intelligence performance, as well as individual and environmental information was obtained from 131 5-year-old children. For the same level of SES, children in rural settings performed consistently worse (...) than children in urban settings. These differences could be accounted mostly by the months of past preschool attendance and the father’s completed level of education. These results should inform policies and programs for children living in rural poverty worldwide, and specially in Latin America. (shrink)

O presente trabalho focaliza o fenômeno dos longos litígios em Varas de Família, com o objetivo de discutir a inscrição do judiciário na trama conjugal. Ressalta-se que alguns casais, mesmo após o divórcio, ficam aprisionados numa dinâmica de repetição que atua por meio do litígio, representado nas ..

The aim of this paper is to discuss the status of the “personal” character of Nietzsche’s philosophy, taking as a starting point his late reflections on suffering, especially in the prefaces of 1886 and in Ecce homo. Initially, a contrast is presented between two extreme interpretations regarding the allegedly autobiographical character of his thought, the one of Lou Andreas-Salomé and the other of Paul Loeb (1); more moderate solutions than previous ones are analyzed, especially those of Werner Stegmaier and Michael (...) Ure (2); it is discussed, taking as reference notions or guiding ideas of his philosophy, such as suffering (3) and psychology, in which the “self-psychology” of the “subject” Nietzsche (4) consists; and it is indicated, conclusively, how these conceptions make room for thinking about their importance in contemporary discussions about the subject and the processes of subjectivation (5). (shrink)

Though widely derided by popular psychologists and self-help writers as an emotionally toxic and destructive response, blame has many defenders among contemporary moral philosophers. Blaming wrongdoers has been thought to express deep commitment to moral values and norms, to be intimately bound up with practices of holding others responsible, and to be an important exercise of moral agency. In this paper I push against the grain of such defenses of blame just enough to articulate what seems right in the more (...) popular lines of critique. I distinguish between blame as a reactive attitude and blaming as a speech act, and argue that some disagreement over the value of blame can be explained by the fact that blaming, as a speech act, takes several distinct forms. Critiques of blame, I suggest, properly target what we might call judgmental or strongly verdictive blaming, the sort of blaming that passes judgment on the wrongdoer him- or herself, and treats him or her as deserving of the blamer’s hostile or “punishing” reactions. This kind of blaming, I argue, tends to foreclose engagement in further moral dialogue with wrongdoers, an effect that is particularly destructive in therapeutic contexts. In such contexts, it is often more appropriate—and more constructive—to hold others answerable without blaming them in the strongly verdictive sense. I argue, moreover, that strongly verdictive blame may be similarly destructive outside of straightforwardly therapeutic contexts, and I challenge the idea that there is in any case a sharp or clear dividing line between therapeutic and non-therapeutic responses to wrongdoers. Holding answerable in a non-judgmental mode is a response that may have a therapeutic dimension, but it nonetheless engages a wrongdoer as a moral peer and partner in moral dialogue. This account of non-judgmental answerability, I suggest, captures much of what moral philosophers have taken to be valuable about blame, while accommodating the insights of those who criticize its more toxic forms. (shrink)

In this paper we try to convert the mathematician who calls himself, or herself, “a formalist” to a position we call “meth-odological pluralism”. We show how the actual practice of mathe-matics fits methodological pluralism better than formalism while preserving the attractive aspects of formalism of freedom and crea-tivity. Methodological pluralism is part of a larger, more general, pluralism, which is currently being developed as a position in the philosophy of mathematics in its own right.1 Having said that, henceforth, in this (...) paper, we abbreviate “methodological pluralism” with “pluralism”. (shrink)

In this paper I explore the prospects of a Neo-Aristotelian position—according to which the difference between the human species and non-human animals is a difference in ‘form’—in the context of the question of how the human form of life is related to the idea of education. Two interpretations of this idea have been suggested by contemporary Neo-Aristotelian philosophy that offer contrasting accounts of the role played by education. According to the first, the idea of a formal difference goes with a (...) notion of potentiality, according to which the distinctiveness of the human is mainly a product of education, and hence a matter of second nature. According to the second, the idea of the human is the idea of a formally distinctive kind of first nature that explains the very possibility of education. I maintain that both interpretations do justice to an important aspect of human life yet fail fully to grasp the significance of the notion of ‘form’ that they employ. I argue that to embrace the insight that the difference of the human is a difference in ‘form’, we must think of the human as a form of life whose very concept contains the concept of education. The concept of education, I argue, is a logical concept, contained in the concept of life that it describes. (shrink)

The book's aim is to give a working representation of what metaphysics is today. The historical contributions reveal the roots of metaphysical themes and how today's methods are linked to their Aristotelian and Leibnizian past. The volume also touches on the relationships between ontological and linguistic analysis, the questions of realism and ontological commitment, the nature of abstract objects, the existential meaning of particular quantification, the primitiveness of identity, the question of epistemic versus ontological vagueness, the necessity of origin, the (...) nature of natural necessity, the possibility of intermittent existence, the notion of a temporal part and its place in an account of persistence, the question of identity and change across time and possible worlds, and many more. Readership: A toolbox for any researcher in metaphysics and an essential source for any PhD student with ontological interests. (shrink)